Growth factors are naturally occurring substances, usually proteins or steroid hormones that can stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. They regulate cellular functions by acting as signaling molecules, binding on transmembrane receptors, between cells. In development they regulate tissue morphogenesis, angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth; in adults, they play an important role in tissue homeostasis and tissue healing. Hence, the self-healing capacity of patients can be completed by artificially enhancing one or more processes important for healing through the application of growth factors. Today, in regenerative medicine, Retina tissue engineering is coming to be important. To understand the effective mechanisms in this process, it is better to compare their interaction with each other.

In fact, there are 21 protein-coding genes that have participated in Retina regeneration. In order to find out their interaction and know how to affect each other, all of these proteins have been collected from Regeneration Gene Database [1] and a systems biology study was performed. For this purpose STRING App in Cytoscape software [2] was utilized. By creating a PPI network, which has 21 nodes and 37 edges, a GO analysis was performed.

GO analysis demonstrates that 4 and 2 proteins was recognized in eye development and detection of visible lights respectively. Also, 3 and 2 proteins was recognized in visual perception and photoreceptor cell differentiation respectively. Furthermore, there are 3 and 2 proteins related to camera-type eye development and eye morphogenesis respectively. These proteins are shown by table 1. There are 4 proteins that act individually: HSPA1L, VPS35, APOBEC2 and TUBA1C. These proteins have not any interactions with other 17 effective proteins in Retina healing process.

Based on GO Analysis, eye morphogenesis is a process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized (GO: 0048592) [3]. In fact, these biological processes must be considered in Retina tissue fabrication, by applying these 5 growth factors in retina tissue engineering. Obviously to fabricate artificial tissues, we have to understand these effective mechanisms and employ them.